INSULT PATOGENEZI VA DAVOLASHGA ZAMONAVIY YONDASHUVLAR
Kalit so'zlar
https://doi.org/10.47390/Med-pro/v4i2y2026/N01Kalit so'zlar
Ishemik insult, insult patogenezi, kalsiy-fosfor gomeostazi, mineral almashinuvi, giperfosfatemiya, qon tomirlar kalsifikatsiyasi, neyrovaskulyar disfunksiya, ateroskleroz, dislipidemiya, serebral gemodinamika.Annotasiya
Har yili 800 000 ga yaqin kishi yangi yoki qayta insultni boshdan kechiradi, bunda aksariyat holatlar ilk bor yuzaga kelgan xurujlar hissasiga to‘g‘ri keladi. Insultlarning taxminan 87 foizi ishemik, 10 foizi miya ichi qon quyilishi (Intracerebral Hemorrhage, ICH) va qariyb 3 foizi subaraxnoidal qon quyilishi (Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, SAH) dir. So‘nggi 30 yil ichida insult bilan kasallanish darajasi umumiy pasayganiga qaramay, 2030-yilga kelib bu ko‘rsatkich oshishi taxmin qilinmoqda. Insult patogenezi o‘ta murakkab va ko‘p omilli jarayon bo‘lib, o‘zaro bog‘liq bo‘lgan quyidagi mexanizmlarni o‘z ichiga oladi: neyrovaskulyar birlik disfunksiyasi, gemodinamik buzilishlar, eksaytotoksiklik, kalsiyning ortiqcha to‘planishi, mitoxondrial disfunksiya, oksidativ stress, yallig‘lanish reaksiyalari, apoptoz va autofagiya. Bu jarayonlar bir-biri bilan dinamik tarzda o‘zaro ta’sirlashib, neyronlarning shikastlanishiga va infarktning avj olishiga sabab bo‘ladi. Ushbu mexanizmlarni o‘rganishda erishilgan salmoqli yutuqlarga qaramay, hodisalarning aniq ketma-ketligi va ularning o‘zaro ta’sir darajasi hali yetarlicha o‘rganilmagan. Xususan, kalsiy-fosfor gomeostazi, lipidlar almashinuvi va gormonal boshqaruv kabi metabolik omillarning ishemik insult og‘irligining shakllanishi va rivojlanishidagi integrativ roli hozirgi kunga qadar to‘liq aniqlanmagan. Shunday qilib, insult patogenezi qisman o‘rganilganligicha qolmoqda, bu esa kasallikning molekulyar mexanizmlarini aniqroq tushunish hamda samarali individuallashtirilgan davolash strategiyalarini ishlab chiqish uchun keyingi eksperimental va klinik tadqiqotlarni o‘tkazishni taqozo etadi.
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