FEATURES OF TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA: A2BCD RECOMMENDATIONS (GINA2023)
Keywords:
bronchial asthma, GINA, treatment of bronchial asthma, basic therapy, inhaled glucocorticosteroids, bronchodilators, COVID-19.Abstract
The problem of bronchial asthma is global in nature, so increasing awareness about this disease, improving the prevention and treatment of the disease is an urgent medical problem. The article provides data from the Global Asthma Strategy (GINA) and changes made for 2021-2023. Treatment regimens for each stage of the disease are given in the form of diagrams. The authors also provide links to studies on the basis of which changes were made to GINA.
References
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Updated 2021. Available from: https://ginasthma.org/gina-reports/ Accessed 2021 Sep 29.
Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020 Aug;584(7821):430-6.
Liu S, Cao Y, Du T, Zhi Y. Prevalence of comorbid asthma and related outcomes in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice 2021 Feb;9(2):693-701.
Bloom CI, Drake TM, Docherty AB, Lipworth BJ, Johnston SL, Nguyen- Van-Tam JS, Carson G, Dunning J, Harrison EM, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Cullinan P, Openshaw PJM; ISARIC investigators. Risk of adverse outcomes in patients with underlying respiratory conditions admitted to hospital with COVID-19: a national, multicentre prospectivecohort study using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK. The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine 2021 Jul;9(7):699-711.
Papadopoulos NG, Mathioudakis AG, Custovic A, Deschildre A, Phipatanakul W, Wong G, Xepapadaki P, Abou-Taam R, Agache I, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Chen Z, Cros P, Dubus JC,El-Sayed ZA, El-Owaidy R, Feleszko W, Fierro V, Fiocchi A, Garcia-Marcos L, Goh A, Hossny EM, Huerta Villalobos YR, Jartti T, Le Roux P, Levina J, López García AI, Ramos ÁM, Morais- Almeida M, Murray C Nagaraju K, Nagaraju MK, Navarrete Rodriguez EM, Namazova-Baranova L, Nieto Garcia A, Pozo Beltrán CF, Ratchataswan T, Rivero Yeverino D, Rodríguez Zagal E, Schweitzer CE, Tulkki M, Wasilczuk K, Xu D; PeARL collaborators, on behalf of the PeARL Think Tank. Childhood asthma outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the PeARL multi-national cohort. Allergy 2021 Jun;76(6):1765-75.
Leshchenko I.V. (2019) Bronhial’naya astma: prostye resheniya slozhnyh voprosov [Bronchial asthma: simple solutions of complicates problems]. Med. sovet, no 6, pp. 52–57.
Meshcheryakova N.N., Belevskij A.S. (2015) Vozmozhnosti primeneniya ekstramelkodispersnoj fiksirovannoj kombinacii beklometazona i formoterola v edinom ingalyatore v kachestve podderzhivayushchej i simptomaticheskoj terapii [Options of use of extrafine fixed combination of beclometasone and formoterol in a single inhaler as a supportive and symptomatic therapy]. Prakticheskaya pul’monologiya, no 1, pp. 88–92.
Avdeev S.N., Ajsanov Z.R., Belevskij A.S. (2019) Puti uluchsheniya diagnostiki i lecheniya bol’nyh bronhial’noj astmoj vrachami pervichnogo zvena [Ways of improvement of diagnostics and treatment of patients with bronchial asthma by primary care physicians]. Pul’monologiya, vol. 29, no 4, pp. 457–67. doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2019-29-4-457-467.
Saluhov V.V., Haritonov M.A., Zajcev A.A. (2020) Sovremennye predstavleniya o bronhial’noj astme [Modern ideas about bronchial asthma]. Vestnik Rossijskoj Voenno-medicinskoj akademii, no 2 (70), pp. 227–234.
Chuchalin A.G. (2019) Federal’nye klinicheskie rekomendacii po diagnostike i lecheniyu bronhial’noj astmy [Federal clinical recommendations on diagnostics and treatment of bronchial asthma]. M.: Ross. Respiratornoe obshchestvo, 97 p. (in Russian).
Dusser D., Montani D., Chanez P. (2007) Mild asthma: An expert review on epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment recommendations. Allergy, no 62 (6), pp. 591–604. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01394.x
Suissa S, Ernst P, Benayoun S, Baltzan M, Cai B. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroidsand the prevention of death from asthma. The New England Journal of Medicine 2000 Aug;343(5):332-6.
Barnes P.J. (2012) Allergy Asthma Proc., vol. 33, p. 140.
Papi A. (2007) BEST Study Group. Rescue use of beclomethasone and albuterol in a single inhaler for mild asthma. N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 356, no 20, pp. 2040–2052.
Ducharme F.M., Ni Chroinin M., Greenstone I., Lasserson T.J. (2010) Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled steroids versus higher dose inhaled steroids in adults and children with persistent asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev., vol. 14 (4).
Lommatzsch, Marek et al. A2BCD: a concise guide for asthma management. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Volume 0, Issue 0. Published online. January 27, 2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00490-8
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204-22 https://www.thelancet.com/gbd/summaries.
Assessing national capacity for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: report of the 2019 global survey. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO https://www.who.int/teams/ncds/surveillance/monitoring-capacity/ncdccs
